Skip to main content
Government Digital and Data Profession Capability Framework

Complete our 3 minute feedback survey to help us improve the framework.

Business analyst

Find out what a business analyst in government does and the skills you need to do the role at each level.

Last updated 28 November 2025 — See all updates

What a business analyst does

Business analysts help teams to:

  • analyse and understand a business problem or opportunity
  • undertake research and analysis to understand how a business or business area works, considering the people, organisation, processes, information, data and technology
  • identify areas for improvement, explore feasible options, analyse the effects of change and define success measures
  • identify and elaborate user and business needs to enable effective design, development and testing of services and business change
  • make decisions related to prioritisation and minimum viable product by using analysis led insights
  • ensure new products and services meet business and user needs, and are aligned with organisational goals
  • understand any business and policy constraints that need to be considered, and assess the implications

Business analyst role levels

There are 6 business analyst role levels, from trainee business analyst to head of business analysis.

The typical responsibilities and skills for each role level are described in the sections below. You can use this to identify the skills you need to progress in your career, or simply to learn more about each role in the Government Digital and Data profession.

1. Trainee business analyst

A trainee business analyst receives direction from more senior business analysts. At this level, you will work with others or under supervision to build and develop your skills.

This role level is most often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • AO (Administrative Officer)
  • EO (Executive Officer)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain the differences between delivery methodologies, such as scrum or kanban
  • explain how your approach would change based on the delivery methodology
  • explain why iteration is important
  • explain how roles in a multidisciplinary team work together to support delivery

Business modelling

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain basic business modelling techniques and how they add value
  • explain how models and diagrams can be used to represent the organisation, processes, relationships, information and interactions
  • support the creation of visual representations of business workflows, processes and structures

Business process improvement

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • contribute to the analysis and evaluation of business processes to identify problems and opportunities
  • contribute to the design and implementation of business process improvements
  • contribute to business process testing and usability evaluation

Context, problem and option analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • describe the analysis techniques you could use to help understand the context, problem and options to meet business and user needs
  • explain the importance of understanding that internal and external factors influence the organisation
  • contribute to identifying and assessing multiple options and formulating recommendations, under supervision

Defining and managing business needs, user needs and requirements

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support the elicitation, analysis, validation and prioritisation of business and user needs
  • support the definition of functional and non-functional requirements artefacts, such as problem statements, epics, features, user stories and acceptance criteria, to communicate business and user needs

Digital and data systems analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support the analysis of functionality that systems deliver and need to deliver
  • support the creation of system and data models and documentation
  • work with others in a multidisciplinary team to support the identification of gaps in functionality and user experience

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • describe who your stakeholders are and the importance of managing relationships with them
  • explain what your stakeholders find important and why

Testing (business analysis)

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • understand the stages and purpose of testing and have an awareness of tools and techniques used
  • work under supervision to support the representation of business scenarios and to trace requirements to develop functionality

2. Junior business analyst

A junior business analyst receives direction from more senior business analysts but is responsible for the output of specific tasks. At this level, you will have limited skills and will work with others or under supervision. You will support stakeholder relationship management.

This role level is most often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • EO (Executive Officer)
  • HEO (Higher Executive Officer)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain the differences between delivery methodologies, such as scrum or kanban
  • explain how your approach would change based on the delivery methodology
  • explain why iteration is important
  • explain how roles in a multidisciplinary team work together to support delivery

Business modelling

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain basic business modelling techniques and how they add value
  • explain how models and diagrams can be used to represent the organisation, processes, relationships, information and interactions
  • support the creation of visual representations of business workflows, processes and structures

Business process improvement

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • contribute to the analysis and evaluation of business processes to identify problems and opportunities
  • contribute to the design and implementation of business process improvements
  • contribute to business process testing and usability evaluation

Context, problem and option analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • describe the analysis techniques you could use to help understand the context, problem and options to meet business and user needs
  • explain the importance of understanding that internal and external factors influence the organisation
  • contribute to identifying and assessing multiple options and formulating recommendations, under supervision

Defining and managing business needs, user needs and requirements

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support the elicitation, analysis, validation and prioritisation of business and user needs
  • support the definition of functional and non-functional requirements artefacts, such as problem statements, epics, features, user stories and acceptance criteria, to communicate business and user needs

Digital and data systems analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support the analysis of functionality that systems deliver and need to deliver
  • support the creation of system and data models and documentation
  • work with others in a multidisciplinary team to support the identification of gaps in functionality and user experience

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • describe who your stakeholders are and the importance of managing relationships with them
  • explain what your stakeholders find important and why

Testing (business analysis)

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • understand the stages and purpose of testing and have an awareness of tools and techniques used
  • work under supervision to support the representation of business scenarios and to trace requirements to develop functionality

User experience analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • understand the importance of making data-informed decisions based on user research findings
  • support the analysis and prioritisation of user experience needs and understand how needs tie to system, product or service requirements

3. Business analyst

A business analyst leads small to medium size projects and supports larger and more complex projects.

At this role level, you will:

  • manage stakeholder relationships
  • work independently
  • have a good understanding of your work area
  • develop the business analysis community by sharing best practice and mentoring others

This role level is most often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • HEO (Higher Executive Officer)
  • SEO (Senior Executive Officer)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain how products and services are delivered through different methodologies
  • follow an appropriate approach to complete your work within the delivery methodology used by your team
  • adapt how you work and the work you produce based on your team's delivery methodology to ensure you deliver value
  • adapt how you work with other roles in a multidisciplinary team in line with the delivery methodology

Business modelling

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • select appropriate business modelling techniques to support analysis, decision making and stakeholder understanding
  • elicit appropriate information to create effective business models
  • create models and diagrams that represent the organisation, processes, relationships, information and interactions

Business process improvement

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • analyse and evaluate business processes to identify problems and opportunities
  • design, prioritise and facilitate the implementation of business process improvements, with some support
  • validate improvements to business processes through testing

Context, problem and option analysis

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • plan and use the most appropriate analysis techniques to understand the context, the problem and root causes
  • communicate how your work supports and aligns to strategic contexts and goals
  • define problem statements and develop and evaluate multiple options
  • formulate recommendations, considering feasibility, benefits and impact

Defining and managing business needs, user needs and requirements

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • elicit, analyse, challenge and validate business and user needs, addressing conflicts
  • define artefacts, such as problem statements, epics, features, user stories, acceptance criteria and non-functional requirements, to communicate business and user needs 
  • manage artefacts and ensure traceability in line with a defined approach
  • facilitate the prioritisation of needs with minimal supervision

Digital and data systems analysis

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • identify and analyse the functionality that systems deliver or need to deliver
  • create system and data models and documentation with minimal supervision
  • work with others in a multidisciplinary team to identify gaps in functionality and user experience, and their impact

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • identify important stakeholders and communicate with them clearly and regularly
  • tailor communication to stakeholders' needs and work with them to build relationships while meeting user needs
  • build and reach consensus with stakeholders
  • work to improve stakeholder relationships using evidence to explain decisions

Testing (business analysis)

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • understand the stages and purpose of testing and support the use of relevant tools and techniques
  • identify business scenarios and develop acceptance criteria to ensure requirements can be traced to develop functionality
  • review prototypes, test plans and test outcome reporting

User experience analysis

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • apply basic techniques to analyse, validate and prioritise user experience needs
  • present findings in an accessible and easy to understand way to support data-informed decision making, based on user research

4. Senior business analyst

A senior business analyst has a good understanding of strategic arenas and leads large or complex projects.

At this role level, you will:

  • have functional or people management responsibilities, or a combination of both
  • mentor others
  • develop best practice
  • own stakeholder relationships
  • manage community of practice activities within a business area

This role level is most often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • SEO (Senior Executive Officer)
  • G7 (Grade 7)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • determine the approach for your role within the team's delivery methodology
  • define and agree the scope of delivery for your role within a multidisciplinary team
  • negotiate and agree delivery priorities with the team and relevant stakeholders
  • clearly communicate the value of iterative delivery and realising benefits early

Business modelling

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • guide the selection and use of business modelling techniques to ensure consistency
  • define and share good practices for eliciting appropriate information to create effective models
  • create models and diagrams that represent complex and large-scale situations
  • use business modelling outcomes to support strategic decision making

Business process improvement

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead process analysis and evaluation to define business performance problems and opportunities
  • lead analysis and evaluation to design, test, implement and assess business process improvements
  • manage the design, execution and assessment of business process tests and usability evaluations

Context, problem and option analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the approach to understanding the context, the problem and root causes
  • set goals for a piece of work that aligns to the organisation's strategic context
  • lead the approach to developing and evaluating multiple options, sharing and advocating for recommendations to gain support

Defining and managing business needs, user needs and requirements

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the elicitation, analysis and validation of complex or large-scale business and user needs, negotiating and addressing conflicts
  • define and assure artefacts, such as problem statements, epics, features, user stories, acceptance criteria and non-functional requirements, to communicate business and user needs 
  • lead and define the approach to manage artefacts and ensure traceability 
  • facilitate the prioritisation of needs, aligning to strategic goals

Digital and data systems analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the analysis of functionality that systems deliver or need to deliver
  • create, and support others in the creation of, system and data models and documentation
  • assess the effect of system changes and share them with relevant stakeholders
  • determine when and how you and your team work with others to identify gaps in functionality and user experience, and their impact

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • work with the team to develop and maintain an understanding of stakeholders
  • work with the team to develop and implement stakeholder communications strategies
  • identify and resolve issues, influence stakeholders and manage relationships effectively
  • build long-term strategic relationships and communicate clearly and regularly with stakeholders

Testing (business analysis)

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • recommend the value of testing and apply the relevant tools and techniques to ensure test validity
  • advise on business scenarios and develop acceptance criteria to ensure requirements can be traced to develop functionality
  • review prototypes, test plans and test outcome reporting

User experience analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on the approach to analysis, prioritisation and validation of user experience needs
  • recommend a range of techniques to analyse the user experience and ensure that it meets business and user needs
  • articulate and communicate how user experience needs affect the design of a system in a project or programme of work

5. Lead business analyst

A lead business analyst has a good understanding of the enterprise arena and works in highly complex problem spaces, typically spanning multiple products or services.

At this role level, you will:

  • be a leader in the business analysis community (across government and externally)
  • have functional management or people management accountabilities, or a combination of both
  • actively share knowledge and be seen as a go-to person in the field
  • mentor others
  • own the main stakeholder relationships

This role level is most often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • G7 (Grade 7)
  • G6 (Grade 6)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • determine the approach for your role within the team's delivery methodology
  • define and agree the scope of delivery for your role within a multidisciplinary team
  • negotiate and agree delivery priorities with the team and relevant stakeholders
  • clearly communicate the value of iterative delivery and realising benefits early

Business modelling

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set standards for business modelling, including for the elicitation of appropriate information
  • assess the effectiveness of modelling techniques to enable continuous improvement 
  • coach others in business modelling, leading the creation of models when appropriate
  • use business modelling outcomes to anticipate and influence decision making and strategy development

Business process improvement

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the identification of large-scale opportunities to deliver business performance improvements
  • set the direction for analysis, design and evaluation of business process improvements, including methods, tools and standards
  • set the direction for design, execution and assessment of business process tests and usability evaluations
  • coach others in designing, testing, implementing and assessing business process improvements

Context, problem and option analysis

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on approaches to options analysis, feasibility and impact assessments to ensure best practice is followed
  • ensure all streams of work align to the organisation's strategic context and goals
  • advise on how the organisation can use business analysis skills to add value
  • guide tactical decision making and influence strategic plans in a changing environment

Defining and managing business needs, user needs and requirements

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set standards for defining and managing complex or large-scale business and user needs
  • use business and user needs to ensure proposed solutions align with organisational strategy
  • provide guidance and recommendations to ensure needs are traceable and managed
  • influence the prioritisation of needs, enabling tactical solutions and long-term strategic decision making

Digital and data systems analysis

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set the direction for the analysis of systems to align to business capabilities and strategy
  • set the direction for analysing and communicating system changes and the effect of change on stakeholders
  • work with other technical specialists to set and iterate standards for system and data modelling and documentation

Enterprise and business architecture (business analyst)

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • work with limited direction to translate business drivers, goals and constraints into business objectives
  • help to define required capabilities and support organisational changes to create operating models that meet business objectives

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • direct the stakeholder relationship strategy for your teams
  • ensure stakeholder's objectives are set and support teams to meet them
  • influence and negotiate with senior stakeholders to resolve issues and enable progress

Testing (business analysis)

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • recommend the value of testing and apply the relevant tools and techniques to ensure test validity
  • advise on business scenarios and develop acceptance criteria to ensure requirements can be traced to develop functionality
  • review prototypes, test plans and test outcome reporting

User experience analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on the approach to analysis, prioritisation and validation of user experience needs
  • recommend a range of techniques to analyse the user experience and ensure that it meets business and user needs
  • articulate and communicate how user experience needs affect the design of a system in a project or programme of work

6. Head of business analysis

The head of business analysis leads the business analysis function across the enterprise area and builds business analysis capability for the organisation.

This role level is most often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • G6 (Grade 6)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set and iterate standards for working within different delivery methodologies
  • actively promote collaboration and agreement to ensure the team delivers value at the right time
  • experiment with new and innovative ways of working to enhance delivery outcomes
  • research new and evolving delivery methodologies and identify how your role would work within them

Business modelling

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set standards for business modelling, including for the elicitation of appropriate information
  • assess the effectiveness of modelling techniques to enable continuous improvement 
  • coach others in business modelling, leading the creation of models when appropriate
  • use business modelling outcomes to anticipate and influence decision making and strategy development

Business process improvement

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the identification of large-scale opportunities to deliver business performance improvements
  • set the direction for analysis, design and evaluation of business process improvements, including methods, tools and standards
  • set the direction for design, execution and assessment of business process tests and usability evaluations
  • coach others in designing, testing, implementing and assessing business process improvements

Context, problem and option analysis

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on approaches to options analysis, feasibility and impact assessments to ensure best practice is followed
  • ensure all streams of work align to the organisation's strategic context and goals
  • advise on how the organisation can use business analysis skills to add value
  • guide tactical decision making and influence strategic plans in a changing environment

Defining and managing business needs, user needs and requirements

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set standards for defining and managing complex or large-scale business and user needs
  • use business and user needs to ensure proposed solutions align with organisational strategy
  • provide guidance and recommendations to ensure needs are traceable and managed
  • influence the prioritisation of needs, enabling tactical solutions and long-term strategic decision making

Digital and data systems analysis

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set the direction for the analysis of systems to align to business capabilities and strategy
  • set the direction for analysing and communicating system changes and the effect of change on stakeholders
  • work with other technical specialists to set and iterate standards for system and data modelling and documentation

Enterprise and business architecture (business analyst)

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • work with limited direction to translate business drivers, goals and constraints into business objectives
  • help to define required capabilities and support organisational changes to create operating models that meet business objectives

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • direct the stakeholder relationship strategy for your teams
  • ensure stakeholder's objectives are set and support teams to meet them
  • influence and negotiate with senior stakeholders to resolve issues and enable progress

Testing (business analysis)

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • recommend the value of testing and apply the relevant tools and techniques to ensure test validity
  • advise on business scenarios and develop acceptance criteria to ensure requirements can be traced to develop functionality
  • review prototypes, test plans and test outcome reporting

User experience analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on the approach to analysis, prioritisation and validation of user experience needs
  • recommend a range of techniques to analyse the user experience and ensure that it meets business and user needs
  • articulate and communicate how user experience needs affect the design of a system in a project or programme of work

Role Shared skills
Service owner

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Stakeholder relationship management

Business architect

Stakeholder relationship management

Content strategist

Stakeholder relationship management

Data ethicist

Stakeholder relationship management

Data governance manager

Stakeholder relationship management

Updates

Published 7 January 2020

Last updated 28 November 2025

28 November 2025

The skills ‘business modelling’, ‘digital and data systems analysis’, previously ‘systems analysis’, and ‘defining and managing user and business needs’, previously ‘requirements definition and management’ have been updated.

Trainee business analyst now requires the awareness level of 'business modelling'.

The skill ‘consultancy’ has been removed from the role.

29 August 2025

The business analyst role now includes the new skill ‘context, problem and option analysis’.

The skill ‘business analysis’ has been removed from the role.

30 May 2025

The business analyst role has been refreshed with updated skills. The role now includes the new skill ‘adapting to delivery methodologies’ and the updated skill ‘business process improvement’.

These skills have been removed from the role: 'agile working', ‘business process testing’ and 'methods and tools’.

28 February 2025

The skill 'stakeholder relationship management (business analyst)' has been removed from the role.

Business analyst now includes the skill 'stakeholder relationship management'.

The indicative grades for the role level 'lead business analyst' have been corrected to 'G7 and G6'. This is based on data on the most common grades for this role level across government. Previously the grade was displayed as G7.

30 November 2024

The skill 'consultancy (business analysis)' has been replaced with 'consultancy'. No change was made to the meaning of skill level descriptions.

30 August 2024

The skill level descriptions for 'business modelling', 'business process improvement' and 'business process testing' have been updated to improve clarity and ensure consistency across the framework. No change was made to the meaning of skill level descriptions.

31 May 2024

The indicative job grades for the 'trainee business analyst' role level have been updated from 'AA and AO' to 'AO and EO'. This change is based on the latest data on the most common grades for these role levels across government.

30 August 2022

The business analyst role has been fully updated, with new role levels and redefined skills. Role levels have been added for trainee business analyst, lead business analyst and head of business analysis. The principal business analyst role level has been removed.

7 January 2020

First published.