Skip to main content

Complete our 3 minute feedback survey to help us improve the framework.

Business analyst

Find out what a business analyst in government does and the skills you need to do the role at each level.

Last updated 30 May 2025 — See all updates

What a business analyst does

Business analysts help teams to:

  • analyse and understand a business problem or opportunity
  • undertake research and analysis to understand how a business or business area works, considering the people, organisation, processes, information, data and technology
  • identify areas for improvement, explore feasible options, analyse the effects of change and define success measures
  • identify and elaborate user and business needs to enable effective design, development and testing of services and business change
  • make decisions related to prioritisation and minimum viable product by using analysis led insights
  • ensure new products and services meet business and user needs, and are aligned with organisational goals
  • understand any business and policy constraints that need to be considered, and assess the implications

Business analyst role levels

There are 6 business analyst role levels, from trainee business analyst to head of business analysis.

The typical responsibilities and skills for each role level are described in the sections below. You can use this to identify the skills you need to progress in your career, or simply to learn more about each role in the Government Digital and Data profession.

1. Trainee business analyst

A trainee business analyst receives direction from more senior business analysts. At this level, you will work with others or under supervision to build and develop your skills.

This role level is often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • AO (Administrative Officer)
  • EO (Executive Officer)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain the differences between delivery methodologies, such as scrum or kanban
  • explain how your approach would change based on the delivery methodology
  • explain why iteration is important
  • explain how roles in a multidisciplinary team work together to support delivery

Business analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support structured approaches to identify, investigate, analyse and communicate complex business problems and opportunities
  • work under supervision to analyse business goals, objectives, functions and processes, using relevant information and underlying data to support the definition of requirements
  • help to ensure a proposed solution meets business and user needs
  • complete task-based, discrete outputs for parts of the project as directed, using predetermined methods and techniques

Business process improvement

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • contribute to the analysis and evaluation of business processes to identify problems and opportunities
  • contribute to the design and implementation of business process improvements
  • contribute to business process testing and usability evaluation

Requirements definition and management

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support identifying, analysing, capturing and validating business and user requirements
  • work under supervision to manage requirements and support their prioritisation, within a defined scope
  • provide distinct task-based outputs for parts of the project as directed, using a predetermined requirements management life cycle

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • describe who your stakeholders are and the importance of managing relationships with them
  • explain what your stakeholders find important and why

Systems analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support the analysis of IT system capabilities and work under supervision to identify and specify system requirements
  • support the development of specifications and models for bespoke IT systems or software packages

Testing (business analysis)

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • understand the stages and purpose of testing and have an awareness of tools and techniques used
  • work under supervision to support the representation of business scenarios and to trace requirements to develop functionality

2. Junior business analyst

A junior business analyst receives direction from more senior business analysts but is responsible for the output of specific tasks. At this level, you will have limited skills and will work with others or under supervision. You will support stakeholder relationship management.

This role level is often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • EO (Executive Officer)
  • HEO (Higher Executive Officer)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain the differences between delivery methodologies, such as scrum or kanban
  • explain how your approach would change based on the delivery methodology
  • explain why iteration is important
  • explain how roles in a multidisciplinary team work together to support delivery

Business analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support structured approaches to identify, investigate, analyse and communicate complex business problems and opportunities
  • work under supervision to analyse business goals, objectives, functions and processes, using relevant information and underlying data to support the definition of requirements
  • help to ensure a proposed solution meets business and user needs
  • complete task-based, discrete outputs for parts of the project as directed, using predetermined methods and techniques

Business modelling

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain basic business modelling techniques
  • support the representation of business situations within a defined task
  • visualise business processes

Business process improvement

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • contribute to the analysis and evaluation of business processes to identify problems and opportunities
  • contribute to the design and implementation of business process improvements
  • contribute to business process testing and usability evaluation

Requirements definition and management

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support identifying, analysing, capturing and validating business and user requirements
  • work under supervision to manage requirements and support their prioritisation, within a defined scope
  • provide distinct task-based outputs for parts of the project as directed, using a predetermined requirements management life cycle

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • describe who your stakeholders are and the importance of managing relationships with them
  • explain what your stakeholders find important and why

Systems analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • support the analysis of IT system capabilities and work under supervision to identify and specify system requirements
  • support the development of specifications and models for bespoke IT systems or software packages

Testing (business analysis)

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • understand the stages and purpose of testing and have an awareness of tools and techniques used
  • work under supervision to support the representation of business scenarios and to trace requirements to develop functionality

User experience analysis

Level: awareness

Awareness is the first of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • understand the importance of making data-informed decisions based on user research findings
  • support the analysis and prioritisation of user experience needs and understand how needs tie to system, product or service requirements

3. Business analyst

A business analyst leads small to medium size projects and supports larger and more complex projects.

At this role level, you will:

  • manage stakeholder relationships
  • work independently
  • have a good understanding of your work area
  • develop the business analysis community by sharing best practice and mentoring others

This role level is often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • HEO (Higher Executive Officer)
  • SEO (Senior Executive Officer)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • explain how products and services are delivered through different methodologies
  • follow an appropriate approach to complete your work within the delivery methodology used by your team
  • adapt how you work and the work you produce based on your team's delivery methodology to ensure you deliver value
  • adapt how you work with other roles in a multidisciplinary team in line with the delivery methodology

Business analysis

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • apply structured approaches to identify, investigate, analyse and communicate complex business problems and opportunities, within a defined project
  • analyse business goals, objectives, functions and processes, using relevant information and data to support the definition of requirements
  • conduct options analysis, assess feasibility and operational impact, quantify potential business benefits and contribute to business case development
  • help to ensure proposed solutions meet business and user needs
  • work with limited direction to complete tasks and defined outputs linked to the project

Business modelling

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • model various elements of the business with limited direction
  • understand the impact of potential changes and how business processes, systems, data, roles and responsibilities interact

Business process improvement

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • analyse and evaluate business processes to identify problems and opportunities
  • design, prioritise and facilitate the implementation of business process improvements, with some support
  • validate improvements to business processes through testing

Requirements definition and management

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • identify, analyse, challenge and validate business and user requirements
  • work under limited supervision to co-ordinate and review the prioritisation of requirements
  • use appropriate requirements management life cycle methods to complete tasks and outputs related to the project

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • identify important stakeholders and communicate with them clearly and regularly
  • tailor communication to stakeholders' needs and work with them to build relationships while meeting user needs
  • build and reach consensus with stakeholders
  • work to improve stakeholder relationships using evidence to explain decisions

Systems analysis

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • identify and analyse IT system capabilities
  • develop models and system requirements for bespoke IT systems or software packages, with minimal supervision

Testing (business analysis)

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • understand the stages and purpose of testing and support the use of relevant tools and techniques
  • identify business scenarios and develop acceptance criteria to ensure requirements can be traced to develop functionality
  • review prototypes, test plans and test outcome reporting

User experience analysis

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • apply basic techniques to analyse, validate and prioritise user experience needs
  • present findings in an accessible and easy to understand way to support data-informed decision making, based on user research

4. Senior business analyst

A senior business analyst has a good understanding of strategic arenas and leads large or complex projects.

At this role level, you will:

  • have functional or people management responsibilities, or a combination of both
  • mentor others
  • develop best practice
  • own stakeholder relationships
  • manage community of practice activities within a business area

This role level is often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • SEO (Senior Executive Officer)
  • G7 (Grade 7)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • determine the approach for your role within the team's delivery methodology
  • define and agree the scope of delivery for your role within a multidisciplinary team
  • negotiate and agree delivery priorities with the team and relevant stakeholders
  • clearly communicate the value of iterative delivery and realising benefits early

Business analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on the approach to identify, investigate, analyse and communicate complex business problems and opportunities within a project or programme of work
  • inform tactical decision making and help to define longer-term strategic plans
  • recommend the approach to options analysis, feasibility assessment and operations, and can quantify potential business benefits
  • ensure the proposed solution aligns with business goals and objectives, and business and user needs, and achieves the required outcomes and expected benefits

Business modelling

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead on the modelling of business processes, systems and data at varying levels of complexity across a project or programme
  • manage the impact of proposed changes

Business process improvement

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead process analysis and evaluation to define business performance problems and opportunities
  • lead analysis and evaluation to design, test, implement and assess business process improvements
  • manage the design, execution and assessment of business process tests and usability evaluations

Requirements definition and management

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on the approach to requirements management within a project or programme
  • define the most appropriate requirements management life cycle methods and ensure the requirement can be traced in the design, build, test, tender and evaluation phases
  • co-ordinate and review the prioritisation of requirements and engage in the negotiation of solutions to help meet programme objectives

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • work with the team to develop and maintain an understanding of stakeholders
  • work with the team to develop and implement stakeholder communications strategies
  • identify and resolve issues, influence stakeholders and manage relationships effectively
  • build long-term strategic relationships and communicate clearly and regularly with stakeholders

Systems analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the identification and analysis of IT system capabilities, developing models and system requirements
  • use systems analysis to support a deeper understanding of how processes and systems work, and to identify gaps
  • work with other digital professionals to design and develop system and user interfaces, identify gaps in functionality and assess the effect of proposed software changes on users or the organisation

Testing (business analysis)

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • recommend the value of testing and apply the relevant tools and techniques to ensure test validity
  • advise on business scenarios and develop acceptance criteria to ensure requirements can be traced to develop functionality
  • review prototypes, test plans and test outcome reporting

User experience analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on the approach to analysis, prioritisation and validation of user experience needs
  • recommend a range of techniques to analyse the user experience and ensure that it meets business and user needs
  • articulate and communicate how user experience needs affect the design of a system in a project or programme of work

5. Lead business analyst

A lead business analyst has a good understanding of the enterprise arena and works in highly complex problem spaces, typically spanning multiple products or services.

At this role level, you will:

  • be a leader in the business analysis community (across government and externally)
  • have functional management or people management accountabilities, or a combination of both
  • actively share knowledge and be seen as a go-to person in the field
  • mentor others
  • own the main stakeholder relationships

This role level is often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • G7 (Grade 7)
  • G6 (Grade 6)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • determine the approach for your role within the team's delivery methodology
  • define and agree the scope of delivery for your role within a multidisciplinary team
  • negotiate and agree delivery priorities with the team and relevant stakeholders
  • clearly communicate the value of iterative delivery and realising benefits early

Business analysis

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set the direction for business analysis within a programme of work, enterprise or wider sector
  • guide tactical decision making and influence the formulation of longer-term strategic plans in an evolving, complex and unpredictable environment
  • give colleagues the means and authority to make decisions about their approach to business analysis activities
  • ensure that the proposed solutions align with the organisational strategy and vision

Business modelling

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • determine the scope and methodology for the representation of complex programmes across an organisation
  • document conceptual models to support strategic planning and decision making

Business process improvement

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the identification of large-scale opportunities to deliver business performance improvements
  • set the direction for analysis, design and evaluation of business process improvements, including methods, tools and standards
  • set the direction for design, execution and assessment of business process tests and usability evaluations
  • coach others in designing, testing, implementing and assessing business process improvements

Consultancy

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • provide advice, guidance and recommendations based on your specialist knowledge and experience
  • propose methodologies to follow and approaches to implementation
  • frame problems so they can easily be understood, and troubleshoot where required, to support the business in operating more effectively

Enterprise and business architecture (business analyst)

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • work with limited direction to translate business drivers, goals and constraints into business objectives
  • help to define required capabilities and support organisational changes to create operating models that meet business objectives

Requirements definition and management

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • direct the approach to requirements management
  • enable others to select and apply appropriate life cycle methods
  • influence the prioritisation of complex requirement sets, enabling long-term strategic decision making and short-term tactical fixes
  • ensure the proposed solutions align with the organisational strategy and vision

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • direct the stakeholder relationship strategy for your teams
  • ensure stakeholder's objectives are set and support teams to meet them
  • influence and negotiate with senior stakeholders to resolve issues and enable progress

Systems analysis

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set the direction for the identification and analysis of IT system capabilities
  • identify gaps in functionality and enable others to explore and assess the effect of software changes
  • demonstrate a strong understanding of business perspectives and technical concepts, and can bring them together to form recommendations and a common understanding
  • communicate this effectively between users, development teams and external suppliers

Testing (business analysis)

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • recommend the value of testing and apply the relevant tools and techniques to ensure test validity
  • advise on business scenarios and develop acceptance criteria to ensure requirements can be traced to develop functionality
  • review prototypes, test plans and test outcome reporting

User experience analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on the approach to analysis, prioritisation and validation of user experience needs
  • recommend a range of techniques to analyse the user experience and ensure that it meets business and user needs
  • articulate and communicate how user experience needs affect the design of a system in a project or programme of work

6. Head of business analysis

The head of business analysis leads the business analysis function across the enterprise area and builds business analysis capability for the organisation.

This role level is often performed at the Civil Service job grade of:

  • G6 (Grade 6)
Skill Description

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set and iterate standards for working within different delivery methodologies
  • actively promote collaboration and agreement to ensure the team delivers value at the right time
  • experiment with new and innovative ways of working to enhance delivery outcomes
  • research new and evolving delivery methodologies and identify how your role would work within them

Business analysis

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • set the direction for business analysis within a programme of work, enterprise or wider sector
  • guide tactical decision making and influence the formulation of longer-term strategic plans in an evolving, complex and unpredictable environment
  • give colleagues the means and authority to make decisions about their approach to business analysis activities
  • ensure that the proposed solutions align with the organisational strategy and vision

Business modelling

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • determine the scope and methodology for the representation of complex programmes across an organisation
  • document conceptual models to support strategic planning and decision making

Business process improvement

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the identification of large-scale opportunities to deliver business performance improvements
  • set the direction for analysis, design and evaluation of business process improvements, including methods, tools and standards
  • set the direction for design, execution and assessment of business process tests and usability evaluations
  • coach others in designing, testing, implementing and assessing business process improvements

Consultancy

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • provide advice and recommendations to stakeholders based on your significant specialist knowledge and experience
  • lead the definition of guidance and inform how the organisation approaches delivery or uses digital and data skills more effectively

Enterprise and business architecture (business analyst)

Level: working

Working is the second of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • work with limited direction to translate business drivers, goals and constraints into business objectives
  • help to define required capabilities and support organisational changes to create operating models that meet business objectives

Requirements definition and management

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • direct the approach to requirements management
  • enable others to select and apply appropriate life cycle methods
  • influence the prioritisation of complex requirement sets, enabling long-term strategic decision making and short-term tactical fixes
  • ensure the proposed solutions align with the organisational strategy and vision

Stakeholder relationship management

Level: expert

Expert is the fourth of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • direct the stakeholder relationship strategy for your teams
  • ensure stakeholder's objectives are set and support teams to meet them
  • influence and negotiate with senior stakeholders to resolve issues and enable progress

Systems analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • lead the identification and analysis of IT system capabilities, developing models and system requirements
  • use systems analysis to support a deeper understanding of how processes and systems work, and to identify gaps
  • work with other digital professionals to design and develop system and user interfaces, identify gaps in functionality and assess the effect of proposed software changes on users or the organisation

Testing (business analysis)

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • recommend the value of testing and apply the relevant tools and techniques to ensure test validity
  • advise on business scenarios and develop acceptance criteria to ensure requirements can be traced to develop functionality
  • review prototypes, test plans and test outcome reporting

User experience analysis

Level: practitioner

Practitioner is the third of 4 ascending skill levels

You can:

  • advise on the approach to analysis, prioritisation and validation of user experience needs
  • recommend a range of techniques to analyse the user experience and ensure that it meets business and user needs
  • articulate and communicate how user experience needs affect the design of a system in a project or programme of work

Role Shared skills
Business architect

Consultancy

Stakeholder relationship management

Service owner

Adapting to delivery methodologies

Stakeholder relationship management

Accessibility specialist

Consultancy

Content strategist

Stakeholder relationship management

Data ethicist

Stakeholder relationship management

Updates

Published 7 January 2020

Last updated 30 May 2025

30 May 2025

The business analyst role has been refreshed with updated skills. The role now includes the new skill ‘adapting to delivery methodologies’ and the updated skill ‘business process improvement’.

These skills have been removed from the role: 'agile working', ‘business process testing’ and 'methods and tools’.

28 February 2025

The skill 'stakeholder relationship management (business analyst)' has been removed from the role.

Business analyst now includes the skill 'stakeholder relationship management'.

The indicative grades for the role level 'lead business analyst' have been corrected to 'G7 and G6'. This is based on data on the most common grades for this role level across government. Previously the grade was displayed as G7.

30 November 2024

The skill 'consultancy (business analysis)' has been replaced with 'consultancy'. No change was made to the meaning of skill level descriptions.

30 August 2024

The skill level descriptions for 'business modelling', 'business process improvement' and 'business process testing' have been updated to improve clarity and ensure consistency across the framework. No change was made to the meaning of skill level descriptions.

31 May 2024

The indicative job grades for the 'trainee business analyst' role level have been updated from 'AA and AO' to 'AO and EO'. This change is based on the latest data on the most common grades for these role levels across government.

30 August 2022

The business analyst role has been fully updated, with new role levels and redefined skills. Role levels have been added for trainee business analyst, lead business analyst and head of business analysis. The principal business analyst role level has been removed.

7 January 2020

First published.